I don't need to listen to you. Where do I no wait? Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. >> That [ __ ] weird as hell. No, we not. We stuck here. But where yall thing at? Where your THING AT? COME ON. I JUST said not resist. >> I'm going I'm going to shoot you. Do not DO THIS. NO. DO NOT TOUCH ME. >> COME ON. >> NOW they're pushing me. Now they're pushing me. No, don't. Don't do that. Don't do that. Don't do that. Don't do that. >> On the 2nd of April, 2023, a high-speed traffic stop on a state highway produced one arrest, and it was not the driver. The passenger in that vehicle was taken into custody for obstruction after physically defying repeated lawful commands to remain in the car. This is that stop. Get out. >> I probably >> step out. >> What's your deal? >> What? >> Do you know what the speed limit is on that road? >> On what road? On 113. >> Mhm. >> Uh 55. >> Okay. Okay. And how fast do you think you were going? >> 55? >> No, not 55 miles per hour. >> Walk to the front of my car and stay there. >> My car says everything. >> Okay, you can stand right there. When you [snorts] pass me, when you were going eastbound, you were already speeding. And then you went even faster and I was going over 100 miles per hour to catch up with you. You weren't going 55 miles per hour. You were going 100 miles hour. I was not going 100 miles per hour. >> I want to see it on the clock. I want to see it. >> I want you to know >> I did not go 100 miles per hour. I've never gone that fast in my car in my life. >> I've never gone that fast. I swear to God, I've never done that. >> From Morris. Where are you coming from? Um the Morris steakhouse. I can't remember. The chop house. Okay. I have never gone that fast in my life. You can check my record. I don't have any speeding tickets. I've never gone that fast. It's on my body cam. Okay, I just want you to know that. >> I have never gone that fast. >> I have never driven that fast in my life. I swear on everything. I've never driven 100. I was not doing 100 >> at all. Not even close. >> Okay. Right. Maybe 80. >> Okay. >> Down there when5 80 is still faster than 55. Correct. >> Yes. >> Okay. So, I'll be honest with you, okay? Driving fast like that, I catch up to you. Okay. And now I can smell alcohol coming off you. So, just be honest with me on how much you had a drink. >> I haven't had any. I had a drink like 4 hours ago. I'm the designated driver. that. So, if you had a drink 4 hours ago, okay, that's what I'm >> But that's what I just need to know. If you had a drink 4 hours ago, okay, you just had one drink. >> Mhm. >> Okay. >> I'm a designated driver. I know I wasn't driving 100. I want to see that. >> But you said maybe 80. Okay. This is This is what I want to tell you. See that? Because I >> stay in the car. >> Stay in the car. >> This is what I want to tell you. Everything is on body cam. I want to see. So, that's fine. Okay. Listen. I can smell. >> No, I wasn't driving 80. >> Did you have just one like a beer or a wine or something 4 hours ago? >> Yeah, like at like 6:00. >> At 6:00. Okay. So, that's what time is it now? >> Midnight. >> Okay. So, that was a while ago and that's the last time you had a drink. Okay. Okay. Well, here's the thing. Okay. >> You had something. I know I wasn't. >> I know I wasn't. >> Seven. You want to start heading this way? >> Um, >> you promise. I know. >> Here's the thing. I have to do my due diligence to make sure you're safe to get home. >> So, I am one block over. >> Okay, that's still a block that I once I release you from this, I'm responsible for you now. So, I need to make sure you're okay to drive. Okay. So, I am going to run you through field sobriety test. Okay. And that's and you said that you've had one drink. So, that's that's as much you to prove to me that you're not Okay. You said that driver. So, GIVE ME >> YOU WANT TO GET ARRESTED? Then get CAR RIGHT NOW. HOW MANY TIMES DO I HAVE TO TELL YOU THAT TO STAY IN THE CAR? BECAUSE I SAID SO. Stay in the vehicle. Get in the vehicle. Get away from who? >> Me. Get in the vehicle and stay in the vehicle. >> What am I doing? I don't know what you're doing when you're getting in. What am I doing wrong? >> IN THE VEHICLE. IT'S FOR MY SAFETY. Get in the vehicle. I don't need TO WORRY ABOUT YOU AND I'M WORRYING ABOUT HER. GET IN THE VEHICLE. >> FOR YOUR SAFETY. WHY? Cuz I don't know what >> I'm going to tell you. I'm going to tell you one more time and then you're going to go in handcuffs. >> What am I doing? >> One more time. Get in the vehicle or you're going in handcuffs. We've told you to stay in the car. >> I'm not doing anything. I don't care. Stay in the car. You're not doing anything. >> You're not listening. >> Get in the car. >> Listening to who? For once. Just get in the car. For what? Stay in the vehicle. Stay in the car. I don't need to listen to you. What do I No. No. No. Wait. Wait a minute. Wait. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. You're not listening. Whoa. I need to Whoa. Whoa. Wait. Wait a minute. >> Are you kidding me right now? No, we're not. You don't want to listen. Are you over there? Like I'm telling you right now. >> You were given a lawful order to stay in the vehicle. >> And all lawful. Say it. Lawful. >> I didn't do anything wrong. I didn't >> You didn't listen. I I told you not to get out of the car, didn't I? >> You were told multiple times. >> Multiple times by me, right? And I was being cool with you. I was being cool with you. And I told you car roll down the window. And what you did? Listen. >> Okay. Hang on. This is not true. This is not true. I didn't do anything wrong. I didn't do anything wrong. >> This is You were told I did nothing wrong >> multiple times. You were told to stay in the vehicle. This is my traffic stop. You stay in the vehicle. >> Multiple times I numerous officers. >> You guys are trying to separate us. You're trying to keep us separated from one another. >> I'm talking to her. She's the driver, not you. >> She's the driver. And I'm trying to tell you guys like you're telling her 100 miles an hour and she wasn't doing 100 miles Well, she said 80. >> She wasn't. >> She said 80. So that's still It wasn't 100, was it? >> That's still faster than 55. >> 100, was it? >> Coming back for now. Okay, let's go. >> I didn't do anything wrong. I did nothing wrong. I did nothing wrong. >> Listen. I did nothing wrong. >> I did zero wrong. I did zero wrong, sir. I did zero wrong. I didn't do anything wrong. What did I do wrong in your car for now? >> I didn't do anything wrong here. I did nothing wrong. You didn't listen to that. >> Listen to what? >> Well, when we tell you to stay in the car, you need to stay in the car. >> I didn't do anything wrong. >> You have a problem with listening and that's why you're going in the back of this car. >> I did nothing wrong. I did nothing wrong. I did nothing wrong. Zero. I did zero wrong. That's not true. >> Christ took away from our account. >> We don't agree with that. Rachel, >> so here's the problem. When we give him an order to save the car, it's for everybody's safety. >> I got it. My bad. Turn to him. I don't know what he's coming at me [laughter] with. Okay, >> I got it. That's why I'm >> I feel like we're on the same page. I That's why I'm driving. Let's just >> You don't seem shocked at this behavior. >> No, I'm not. >> Okay. >> I'm not. >> All right. Well, >> he can tell you because he was just at my house a couple months ago. >> Okay. Well, I don't know you. I have no idea who you are. I just I have a job to do. I hope you understand that. >> I got it. >> And let's go through this and then we'll figure whatever that is out. Okay. So, step up to me. Okay. One glass of wine. 6 p.m. X amount of hours ago. Okay. >> And you understand that I just have a job. You want to make sure you're open. All right. >> So, I want to check your eyes. Okay. You don't wear glass, any contacts or anything like that? No glasses? No. >> Okay. >> I want you to focus on the stimulus. And the stimulus is going to be the tip of my finger. I want you to place your left foot on the line, which I want you to imagine a line from you to your vehicle. Okay? A straight line. Can you do that for me? Mhm. >> Okay. Okay. So, I want you to place your left foot on this line. Okay? You're going to place your right foot on the line in front of your left foot touching heel to toe. I want you to place your arms at your side and maintain this position until I've completed the instructions. Do you understand that? >> Uh, just stand with my foot. >> Left foot just like this on the line, okay? Like I'm doing. >> Right foot is going to go in front. You're going to be heel to toe, okay? Arms down at your side, okay? Maintain this position until I've completed the instructions and tell you to go, okay? Okay. Whenever you're ready, you may begin >> with my left. >> Yes, ma'am. As instructed. >> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [snorts] 8 9. Turn. >> Yes, ma'am. >> With my left foot >> as instructed. Ma'am, go ahead. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. Sorry. >> You're okay. You can turn around and face me again, ma'am. >> That's his problem. And you don't understand that right now. So, >> I could take him to be honest. >> So, you >> So, this is Yeah. And she's she's been drinking. I knew she was close, but I mean she nestagmus is barely there, so she's under, I'm sure. Um, but he got out right away. I said before anybody was here, I said, "Get back in the car. Get back in the car." I told him multiple times. Then he keeps getting out. Cool. City officer, he told him. And then he still finally we had to go over there. Still wouldn't. I said, "One more time, get back in the car." Wouldn't do it cuz this when he went in cuffs. So, and she he's not shocked at all. This is They get domestics with them all the time. They're >> really like, "Yeah, I am serious." You don't >> serious? I'm a freaking taxpaying >> citizen. I I work hard. I got nothing illegal on me. I'm not doing anything illegal. >> Yeah, you are. >> I don't want to listen. I I didn't >> That's all you had to do. >> You said she was doing 100 miles an hour. She wasn't. >> She said she's going 80. >> Okay. Well, that wasn't 100. It was 100. Okay, >> that's fine. We'll take it to court. It's all good. >> We're fine. >> Okay. >> You got nothing else on you? >> No. Have a seat. >> Get in the car. 42, can you run a 27? >> The driver admits she may have been traveling, in her own words, maybe 80 mph in a 55 zone. That admission is legally significant. Under Terry versus Ohio, 392 US1968 observed speeding combined with a detected odor of alcohol is more than sufficient to justify a field sobriety investigation. The officer was required to exceed 100 mph to catch the vehicle, a fact that undermines the driver's initial denial of any speed above 55. Here is where the encounter changes. While the officer conducts the DUI investigation, he issues a direct lawful order to the passenger, remain in the vehicle. This command is not a request. Under Marilyn versus Wilson 519US 408197, the Supreme Court held that officers conducting any lawful traffic stop may order passengers to stay inside or exit the vehicle without additional justification. The rationale is officer safety. A passenger moving freely around a traffic stop creates unpredictable hazards, particularly when the primary officer is administering a field sobriety test. Compliance is not optional. The passenger receives at least three separate commands from multiple officers to return to the vehicle. He refuses each one, exits repeatedly, and argues his position at increasing volume. His core assertion that the order is unlawful reflects a legally dangerous misunderstanding. The First Amendment protects the right to verbally criticize officers. It does not protect the physical act of defying a constitutionally authorized command. The moment the passenger steps out of that vehicle against the officer's order, he crosses from protected speech into active obstruction of justice. Under most state obstruction statutes, knowingly and willfully hindering an officer in the performance of lawful duties, including forcing an officer to abandon a DUI field test to manage an unsecured individual, constitutes an overt criminal act. The arrest for obstruction is legally sound. The officer warned the passenger multiple times, stated the specific consequence of non-compliance, and escalated to physical control only after all verbal options were exhausted. Meanwhile, the driver completes the walk and turn field sobriety test. The officer notes minimal nestagmas, a clinical indicator of alcohol impairment, and concludes she is likely under the legal threshold. His candid assessment to a backup officer is professional and appropriate. The DUI investigation concludes without a driver arrest. The outcome of incident one states the legal lesson clearly. The driver, the subject of the stop, avoided arrest through cooperation. The passenger, who was never the primary focus of the investigation, was the only person taken into custody. His claim that he did nothing wrong is legally untenable. He was never suspected of DUI. He was never the target. His arrest was generated entirely by his own decision to physically defy a constitutionally authorized command. Under Brenland versus California, 551US 249 2007. Passengers are lawfully seized the moment a traffic stop begins. That seizure carries legal obligations. >> 28 for me, please. >> Hey, mama. Did you put on the back window as well? I just got to be able to see who's in the car. You guys just left house? >> No. >> No. Okay. They're saying you did. So before I have to get them all overhead confirmed and I see we got the baby in the car and all that. Just tell me what happened in your words. >> They I took my baby out. >> Okay. >> I guess they thought I was sweet cuz they see jewelry and all this. They just tried to put a $300 something dollar bill on me. It was only me and my son at 8. >> Okay. >> So I go there all the time. Like familiar. I know how much it is when we pay. >> They tried to put a whole $300 bill on me and I was going to do that. >> I told them I did. >> You try to talk to them before exchange numbers with the other two people that were >> I did, but that's what it was. It was really the other people that just walked out. >> It was a man and a lady. They was with each other >> and they probably got they recorded that, too. I hope they got some type of footage of those people that So, I came to pick my people up. >> Exactly. She came and picked us up. That was that. They really thinking that we was with the other people and they don't have nothing to do with us. They just let the other people just walk freely out. I paid what I had to. I I gave them $100. They don't have nothing to do with us. >> You did pay them? >> Yeah. The other people they left. >> Okay. You got your ID? >> Who? Me? >> Yeah. >> Who was on that? You and the baby? >> Yeah, baby. >> I see I see the baby in the back. Yeah. My baby. This car res too. >> All right. So >> bring bill. >> Just hear me out. >> They just described you as being >> I DID COME IN THERE BUT that's I I'm come in there get I'mma come IN THERE HELP MAD FOR sure but I ain't nobody cool. So it's two different prices I have here cuz he separated amongst people. He's being fair. >> Okay. But he gave me two prices. He said it was two people. He I didn't find you both. So, let me finish. I don't know what's going on with nobody else. I gonna do one thing at a time, right? 56.94 is what he said that you own. Mr. Stoval, >> the 56.94 and 19578 for you on my dad. What we going to do? Do y'all think y'all going to lock me up for 195? Cuz that's that's what the do cuz on my kids I'm not giving that that's the ONLY OTHER OPTION. CUZ I'M NOT GOING TO DO THAT. Y'ALL LET SOMEBODY ELSE WALK OUT. IF YOU WANT ME TO SPEAK, let me speak. >> Here's the only options. Okay. >> They said you guys can pay it back what the bill is >> and or in the 56 90. Okay. >> Let me tell you something. >> Otherwise, they want to sign complaints and have you guys brought in for that. Yes, that's the options right now. >> Who was y'all? >> Both of you. I'm >> not going nowhere. All y'all white shirts do whatever. >> The white shirts who I just spoke with TOLD ME THAT. >> TELL THEM TO COME RIGHT HERE. >> IT AIN'T going to make a difference. listen let me let me explain something okay make me pay FOR TWO PEOPLE LET ME looked at the bill it's like what's all this he can't get another bill that's what this is what this is WHERE YOU COME UP WITH A SEPARATE BILL WHEN ALL OF THIS IS NOT this is where we at what they say do listen to what I'm saying to you it's her baby birthday why would we want to steal a fool >> and I'm not trying to do it in FRONT OF THE KIDS so can you please bring it down THE I AIN'T GOT IT. >> BRING IT DOWN. >> I ain't doing [ __ ] up. >> He came back with two bill. We not with them. And so this why I'm telling you what's going on cuz they telling you [ __ ] I know what they gave y'all. But I'm getting this camera. I don't want nothing. I'm just trying to explain. >> Pay the money and y'all go about your day. >> We not pay because you missed the ball to be in a defense situation and I'm not going that way. 50 for that. >> The one that's the real bill. You see what I'm saying? >> The extra [ __ ] that he put on there, he come back with this separate bill saying that the 190 what is 175? >> 175 or whatever. That's our party. That extra [ __ ] on that almost 60 to $70 extra. That's not it. That's what she explained to him. But he came back with another bill. Miss Right. He came back with another bill. So he's not comprehending what's going on. I'm not no thief. I'm not stealet about it because she's upset about it because they lying like we >> listen to me. >> I don't give a situation a little bit different. >> Huh? >> I'm trying not to take it to that point. >> Yeah. >> You get what I'm saying? I'm not trying to I'm not trying to you over but I have been letting her dry out too. Well, I right now driving. >> You get what I'm saying? I'm not trying to you over cuz that 50,000 can turn to 2,000 real quick. >> Listen to me. I'm not talking to your baby. >> And please tell your sister calm down cuz I'm not trying. You get what I'm saying? >> I'm not going to calm down. >> I'm not trying to make this situation stick no bill on me. >> I'm trying not. She can't drive either. >> Do you hear what I'm saying to you right now? Please just keep it keep it here cuz my sergeant on his way and I don't want him to take it to another level especially with all we can do. Do you understand what I'm saying? Do you understand what I'm saying? >> Yes, we understand about the bill. >> Cash got the cash out for nothing. I get it. It's about the principle. >> We paid but that other [ __ ] that's not that's not right. That's not fair. That's like y'all finessing and y'all getting down. Now when y'all take it out why y'all bringing another bill? >> That's not something. It don't go like that. >> Okay. >> So, I'm telling you how it can go, right? >> And I'm trying to be decent. But >> is coming to get the payment. >> He's on his way over here for sure just to confirm. >> But if y'all can do the payment, that'll be great. And I'll get y'all way cuz nobody's denying anything. >> I know. I mean, when I first walked up, it was a little denial. Like, come on. Not [ __ ] me cuz I've been doing this for 10 years. I ain't got time for that. I see these babies in the car. My mom, I ain't trying to take it to that point. >> Okay. But like I said, it's babies in this car that can be taken from you right [laughter] now. You get what I'm saying? Mama, >> come on. Work with me. >> Please. >> What a what a man. >> They on their way. They on their way. >> Yeah. Tell them to come on. All they got is All I got is $200. >> Like give somebody the baby. Don't have a baby in the rain. >> He cool. He cool. Y'all only got to see me for a second. Yeah. >> I really don't hope she thinking that baby going to stop anything from happening cuz that ain't how that works. >> Just stand right there. >> 05. So what we doing about payments? >> Yes. >> And I got and I got that for them right here. >> So you got the 195? >> I got the 155. I don't have 195 [ __ ] >> Can somebody come up with the extra money? >> No, that's not my bill. That's that lady and that man or anything like that that they went together. That's what the passenger said. The passenger also lied and said she wasn't there at first and now she also lied and said she wasn't there at first. Stop bullshitting. >> She lost whatever argument she has on when I [ __ ] watch your movie for she discrepancy or she's getting arrested and got [screaming] >> so at this point they just want payment. >> And at this point I got 150. >> They need the full payment. And mom, I'm going be quite frank honest with you. They're looking at whatever >> bring you in. But I don't give a >> But I do cuz you got these kids in the car. Come on. Don't do all that talking about this car. I'm one person. These kids and this >> I'm saying you have kids in the car. If your mom, let's show a better example with me. Stop talking to me. Where your wife at? Stop >> right here. He's saying lock you up. >> You ain't saying [ __ ] Where you at? >> Right here. >> Lock me up. >> BECAUSE YOU REFUSING TO PAY. >> I DIDN'T TALK TO HIM. I AIN'T REFUSING to [ __ ] I said >> 150 is not 195. Do you have the rest of your money? M >> I'm not going to talk to her no more because it's way over your >> for you 56.94. >> Where y'all at? Y'all want me to get in a car with him? >> He's right here. All right. Let me Let me go over here. >> No. Over here. M. Don't walk in the street. >> OKAY. WATCH OUT. DON'T COME BY ME. I don't even want you by me. Watch out. >> That ain't how that work. Hey. Yes, it is. I don't want to talk to my sergeant, sir. >> My bill was 155. It was two other people that was with us. I'm thinking he probably put that drinks on my stuff. I don't mind paying what I had. I go to this place all the time. I've got my son. He had chicken. I had steak, shrimp, and welacala. And my other son had shrimp. You can tell them add all that [ __ ] together. I bet you ain't going to come out to no 190 nothing. >> Okay. Well, you >> I had one lemonade. >> The moment you walked out without paying your bill, you lost any arguments. You want to take it up in civil court with Woo's house, by all means, we document that. You can do so. >> As of right now, they want to pursue complaints for death and service. That means you get arrested for not paying the bill that you walked out on. >> I know that. >> Okay. So, we document it. If you want to lose up in civil court and pursue those $40 that you say you didn't hit, >> I'm not doing that. >> That's fine. But then we're going to arrest you. >> Okay. So, y'all going y'all going to arrest me for $40? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. So if I paid the $150, y'all still going to arrest me for the petty $40? >> That's the bill. That's irrelevant. If you would have called us to help you with the discrepancy of a bill, that's one thing. But you [ __ ] walked out. That's entirely different thing, right? I did. >> So are we paying we pay? >> We're there to help you if you call us. We're not there to help you when you walk out of the bill. >> Uhhuh. >> I I didn't say I was. Sorry. I know that. I'm not I'm not I'm not about paying it. I don't pay the [ __ ] It's the principal. But you not just trying TO STICK NO [ __ ] ON ME. IT'S TODAY MY BABY BIRTHDAY. >> I get it. >> Y'ALL JUST GOING TO PUT SOME OTHER BILLS ON ME. THEY LET the other people walk out. WHY YOU AIN'T CALL THE police on the other people that walked out too? >> We document it. We document. >> Why you ain't call the police on the other people that walked out too? The one that really had the bill. Both the people with the two hats on. Why you ain't call the police on them? >> That [ __ ] weird as hell. No, we not. We stuck here. But come on. Where your thing at? Where your thing at? >> Are you paying the 195? >> Stop talking to me. Where your thing at? LET ME GO. >> COME ON. I JUST said where you do not resist. You're going to get tased. >> You're going to get resist. >> Okay. I'm not resist. >> Move your hand. Thank you. >> I got it, mama. >> I got it. All right. >> My wife. >> Everything that we got on you is fine with you. Okay. >> Please. I really >> No, we're past that point cuz I gave you ample opportunities. >> I just said with how you going to get mad cuz I asked stop talking to me, baby. >> It's not about stop talking. We just gave you let your arm go. >> I did. I stopped talking to you. >> One female 95. >> Okay. Hey, you ain't got to like that. Already locked me up. Let >> Can you hold us on for me? I got to pat her down. >> You talking about I ain't going nowhere BUT TO TO THE STATION and back home. >> She's coming the money. >> I don't have nothing. You don't have to touch me. I don't have nothing. >> I don't have nothing though. You ain't got to touch me. I DON'T HAVE I DON'T HAVE NOTHING, BABY. You You wanted to be aggressive for no reason. I just told y'all as I was going to pay them. >> You talking about you just want to be easy. All right. Watch out. Let me Let me here. Get this. Get this. Give Let my baby get his blanket. Could I please look? >> Watch yourself. We going to still try to figure it out. But you got to come. We going to figure it out. You just TOLD SIR YOU AIN'T PARENT YET. >> NO, I DIDN'T. I WAS TALKING TO YOU CUZ YOU SAID HE WANT TO KEEP TELLING ME SOMETHING. I'm talking to him. >> You done figuring it out? >> Okay, sir. I'm not going to jail. Nothing. I'm asking her. Let me go try. >> Could you please take my watch off? If you want to take ME TO JAIL, I'LL GO TO JAIL. >> I don't want to take you to jail. This the card you mention. Sit right here cuz I got to put you in the um seat belt. >> I'm not trying to take YOU TO JAIL, BUT I GOT TO DO MY JOB. ESPECIALLY if you're not working with nobody. Come on. I get that. I just want you to take my watch off. Wherever y'all going to take me, y'all can take just take my watch off. >> No, I don't even want it to go to whatever go with you, sweetheart. It comes with you when you leave out of here. >> I don't That's what I'm saying. I don't even want it to go with me. Could y'all please, if anything, if y'all going to take me, please let her get my money. >> Told us many times and many versions she ain't paying us that. So, she going to jail. >> Did I not try to work? >> They just FaceTime said they'll pay it or whatever it is. >> Why? We couldn't get to that point beforehand. Right. How long have I been standing here in this range trying to work with you? Because she was already still upset and living with them people. I get what you saying too. >> Again, I can't go out somebody else after she had just went through what she was going through with them. Explaining to them what was going on. They let the people leave and split two bills. When y'all put all her stuff on one bill already handle with >> and we was trying to and they was not trying to hear none of that. It went That's why I said y'all can run cameras back. I DON'T KNOW IF THEY THEY SAW Y'ALL WHISPER. >> They got value. Nobody ran. >> Nobody paid. >> Nobody ran. >> Nobody paid. >> They got value. You'll hear what's going on. It look how it look but they they don't have value. But it look crazy but it wasn't like >> you got running for no and all that. >> She paid hers already. >> She paid for and I still feel like I not I'm paying for somebody else [ __ ] >> She going to go to 9420 South. Okay. Let me get you out of here so no more other questions I ask. >> Yeah. >> You got me. >> Go ahead. 9420 South Kids. You all right? >> Yeah. >> On the 11th of August 2025, officers responded to a dispute at a restaurant. A scenario that raises a fundamental legal question. At what point does a civil billing disagreement cross the line into criminal theft of services? The woman's account is coherent. She and her son dined. She paid $100. and she contends the remaining balance belongs to other patrons who departed without paying. That frustration is understandable. However, the moment she left the restaurant without satisfying the demanded balance, she abandoned the protections of a civil dispute and created criminal exposure. A billing disagreement resolved inside the establishment is a civil matter. Walking out is what triggers criminal liability. Under Gerstein versus Pew 420U, yes. 103 1975, the restaurant manager sworn complaint to officers that the bill was unpaid constitutes sufficient probable cause for a warrantless arrest. Officers are not required to review security footage, audit receipts, or adjudicate a commercial dispute on the street. The complainant statement is legally sufficient. The officer handles this encounter with notable patience, offering civil resolution repeatedly, acknowledging the presence of children, and requesting a lower tone before his sergeant arrives. Each of these represents a legally and tactically sound deescalation effort. When those offers are rejected and the suspect explicitly states she will not pay, the officer's authority to arrest becomes fully realized. The sergeant's arrival does not alter the legal calculus, the outstanding bill. The confirmed departure from the premises, and the suspect's repeated refusal to pay satisfy probable cause for theft of services. Had the suspect remained inside the restaurant, formally presented her objections, and requested police mediation before departing, the encounter would almost certainly have remained a civil matter. She chose a different sequence of decisions, and that sequence determined the legal outcome. >> Strict legal standpoint, this incident. On the 29th of July 2025, two traffic stops produced multiple arrests. Each one driven by the same foundational legal error. The belief that asserting constitutional rights verbally excuses physical non-compliance with lawful commands. The officer's stated basis for the first stop, the registered owner is not authorized to drive, constitutes articulable reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify the detention. Under Pennsylvania versus MIMS 434US1061 1977, the authority to order occupants out of a stopped vehicle requires no justification beyond the traffic stop itself. The passenger's declaration that she knows her rights and refuses to exit reflects a constitutionally incorrect position. Being detained means the subject is not free to determine on the scene whether the detention is valid. That determination belongs to a court. On the street, the only lawful option is compliance. The passenger's passive resistance, physical refusal to exit despite repeated clear verbal commands establishes probable cause for an obstruction arrest entirely independent of any other offense. The officer articulates this on camera. Passive resistance is itself the crime. The officers demonstrate extended verbal deescalation before initiating physical extraction, warning multiple times and stating the legal basis for compliance explicitly. The second encounter introduces an additional legal dimension, driving with a license suspended for failure to maintain financial responsibility. The driver claims she visited the courthouse that same day and holds paperwork demonstrating reinstatement. that argument fails at the scene. Officers must act on real time state database information. If the dispatch system reflects an active suspension, the officer has probable cause to act on that information regardless of any paper documentation the suspect presents. Under Arizona versus Evans 514US1 1995, officers are entitled to rely on government database records in good faith. The proper remedy for a database error is a motion to suppress in court, not physical resistance on the side of a road. >> You, too. Okay. You mind stepping out of the car for me? >> No, you're not stepping out of the car. You don't have to. >> Just so I can talk to you over here and not in front of her, >> ma'am. >> No, I know my rights. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> So, we're law. Okay. And you right now are being detained. So, we're trying to >> Okay, I'm not going to argue with you. To make this easier, he's just going to step out >> to talk to my partner. That's a lawful to investigate what's going on. >> Investigate what? >> Just step out of the car and speak to me in the back of the car. >> No, no, no, no. You're not you're not leaving the car. >> We haven't done all we have done was stay here because we have [music] having a family issue. >> Okay. >> And then we just No, you're not. You're not getting >> just step out of the car so I can speak to you. If you did nothing wrong, I'll literally talk to you and then you guys are good to go. We >> have to stay here. >> Understandable. But listen to me. I already told you right now. We're conducting an investigation right now. The both of you are detained. >> Right now detain us because we have something wrong. >> You are not going to interrupt me again. >> First of all, sir, you are not going to interrupt me again. You're going to make this a whole lot worse. I didn't say you did anything wrong. I'm just asking if you could speak to me. >> So, why am I being detained? >> If you're good to go, I'll let you get back in the car and you can leave. >> I'm good to go >> right now. That's not for you to decide. >> Oh, it is. >> Okay. >> Cuz you have no grounds. If you prove any grounds by all means, then say it. We have been here thinking about different things. If we have broke any law, then prove it to us. I go to court. >> That's what court's for. >> But you're here because somebody called you. >> Yes, that's correct. >> Exactly. So if we have broken It doesn't matter. If somebody called you, we have broken any law. >> That's what we're here to investigate to make sure that there is no crime being committed. We got called here for a reason. >> I need to know what's going on. And in order for me and my partner to do that, we need to speak with you separately to ensure that both of your stories add up. >> The operation, [music] the vehicle is being operated. You're in the driver's seat. They immediately smell the odor of alcohol. They notice other displays of behavior that indicate to them that you might be intoxicated. That's more than enough for them to conduct field tests called standard sobriety tests to determine if you might be intoxicated or not. You're completely lawfully required at this point to step out of this car so we can conduct those tests. If you refuse If you refuse, you will under arrest for obstruction. >> I want my lawyer. >> You want your lawyer here? >> Okay. So, when you're arrested, you can contact your lawyer. All right. Do you understand what I just said? >> Nobody wants me to run. But Alex, can you do this? >> So, you will know we're here, >> sir. You understand what I said to you? I said as courteously as I am. >> I do not. I'm sorry. >> You do not understand. Okay. Well, the next thing we're going to do >> is we're going to have you step out of the car. If you physically if you physically resist us, >> you will be placed under the understanding that he's >> we are going to have you step out of the car [music] since you're passively resisting. You're not listening to verbal commands. >> No. No. If you resist us as we guide you out of this vehicle, you will be placed under arrest. That is how it's going to work. You are passively resisting. You are refusing a lawful command to step out of this vehicle. >> Step out of the vehicle. That's a law. >> Now you're passive resisting. Now we're authorized to remove you from the car cuz you're not listening to us. If you resist us physically and we get you out of this car, you will be arrested. >> Wait. Who's in the car? Get out of the car. Come on. No. Get out of the car. >> He's not driving. >> Get out of the car. Get out of the car. >> Get out of the car. >> He's not driving. >> Get out of the car. >> He was never driving. >> He was never driving. >> Get out of the car. >> I'm going I'm going to do not do this. >> Holy [ __ ] >> Stop tensing up. >> I'm not I'm not sure. You're you're >> all right. We're handcuffing. That's what we're doing. >> Why? >> Why? He didn't commit no crime. >> He committed no crime. >> It's not I WANT TO COOPERATE, BUT THEY'RE TELLING ME THAT THEY'RE going to take me out of my car. >> STEP OUT OF >> I HAVEN'T DONE ANYTHING WRONG. >> THEY ASK you Listen, if they ask you to get out of the car, you must cooperate >> and do what? >> Why? >> Get out. Step out. >> He's on his way. I called the lawyer when you have to go and okay >> they threw low ON THE FLOOR. I HAVE A VIDEO OF WHAT THEY DID. >> LISTEN, I hope they're listening. My son is ill. He has a bad heart and he has a bad >> YEAH. AND THEY THREW HIM ON THE FLOOR WHEN ALL I SAID WAS WHEN HE AND I WEREN'T TALKING. MA'AM, >> hang up the phone. They already car. They already did. Alice, you better call somebody because >> Alice, WE'RE GOING TO ASK YOU TO HANG UP NOW. We've been asking her to get out of the car for 5 minutes. >> Get out of the car. >> Come on. Call the ambulance. >> OH, NO. NO. NO. DO NOT TOUCH ME. >> COME ON. >> OH, NOW THEY'RE NOW THEY'RE PUSHING ME. Now they're >> I got this armor. >> You don't have to anymore. >> Get on your stomach. Three surgeries on my one, two, three. Do >> not push me. >> I tell you to walk. Walk. >> Oh, you [ __ ] [ __ ] >> 38 932 38 932. >> Oh, I could have just thrown up 2 30 There you go. All shooters. Oh my god, I'm in like the deepest sweat of my life. >> There you go. Yep. In here. Should definitely hid that under his chair. All right, hold on. Let me write it down for you so we know. Half full. I'm going to come on your side cuz this is good. Oh my god, I'm dripping. Half full. Center console. >> What happened? >> What happened? >> The owner of the vehicle is not supposed to be driving. So, I just want to make sure you're not doing. I just went to the court. >> Okay. Why? Why you catch your attitude? Straight. >> Okay. Let me check your license then. If it's straight, man. All right. >> My license is straight. Yes, ma'am. >> This right there. >> Yes, ma'am. >> I got some paperwork in my notes. >> Okay. >> Get back in the car. Get back in the car. Get back in the car. Get back in the car. You're going to go to jail if she doesn't get back in the car. Don't get out on the traffic stop. >> Me. You talking to me? >> Yes, ma'am. >> I asked her to go and get something to drink cuz this where we were coming at anyway. Yes. >> He wasn't know where >> we didn't see him. He pulled on the side. All of a sudden, he get jumped behind me. You're not supposed to drive his car. That's not the way you approach me. You approach me when I ask you what is the reason why you don't jump off and say that. I know my rights. >> If I ask you a question, you can answer me the same way you ask me a question. My license is good. >> Okay. >> So, it shouldn't be no problem. >> Great. Since you know everything here, your license is not good. >> Hi, it's not good. I got paperwork. I got paperwork. I just left from the gang on courthouse. >> Okay. >> No suspended. >> My license. >> You have a financial responsibility suspension. >> Okay. And you are the owner of the vehicle? Yes, I am. >> Can you do me a favor? Can you turn the car off? Is it off already? >> I took my keys off. >> Okay. Can you hand me the keys? I'm going to put them on top of the car. >> For what? >> Can you hand me the keys? I'm put on top of the car. >> I want to know why. I got I'm waiting on my child to come from school. I want to know why. You're not going to tell me to put some on top of the car for what reason? >> Okay. >> I'm not going to be I'm not resisting. No rest. You don't have no reason. >> Okay. >> For what? >> No. Don't I don't do that. Don't do that. Don't do that. Don't do that. DON'T. MY CHILD IS IN HERE. SHE'S A CHILD. I'M NOT RESISTING. RELAX. >> NO, Y'ALL DONE. >> YEAH, I KNOW WHAT THE reason why. >> Calm down. >> My license called >> calm down. >> Come. I was calm. >> Get to get my phone to call for somebody to come get my phone. >> Stop position. >> I'm not No, don't tire. >> Y don't pull me back. >> Stop position. >> Don't pull me. Don't pull me. >> Don't pull me. Don't pull me. >> Relax. Now >> I've been relaxed when you did that. >> Put your arms together. >> You could have told me what the it was. >> Don't put them too tight cuz I am diabetic. >> I need to talk to my child. She I'm not going to leave my child. >> I need to listen. >> I need to talk to my child. I'm going to tell her. >> No, I need to talk to my child. Y'all cannot leave my child up here like that. >> No. He still hasn't told me the real reason. You not put me in no. >> No. We're going for what? You haven't told me for what? >> I'm going to give her a little bit. >> You haven't told me for what? No. What are you giving me? Reason why you said put my keys on there. Tell me the reason why. >> Because your license suspended and seize the tag. >> I was giving you the paperwork. >> You need to stop talking. >> No, I was giving you the paperwork. Paperwork. You're right. >> So you telling me the court lane? >> I just left from there Friday. Now what's the bond? Cuz I'm not staying overnight. Do I have a bun? Do I have a bun? You can answer that. So I can't swipe down my phone. I needed her to go through the phone. What's wrong with you? a 16-year-old child. I guess she know who to call and talk. >> Who do you want her to call? >> I can't I need my own phone. So, I can't That's my phone. >> I can't go through the phone. You got me handcuffed on me. I'm not I'm not going to run. Just This one here is This side is too tight. >> Okay. >> I'm not going nowhere. >> Okay. I've been seeing this. Like I tell you, I'm deaf in my left ear. This is how I talk. >> Okay. I understand, ma'am. >> No, you don't. You just telling me this too tight. >> Do you have a code? >> Yeah, I have a code. I need to >> What's the code? Or do you want to unlock? Can you reach over and unlock it? You're going to jail. >> I'm going to jail. Tell the person to whoop my car. >> Get my whooping. Give them my phone. >> So, we're going two ways. This week, you listen to me. Okay. I'm just going to call DC after they're coming to pick up your kids. >> Because you're not in the right mind to pick up your kids or get someone. >> I GOT SOMEBODY TO GET DCS IS BEING CALLED. DCS being called you being wrong. Please. Why you BEING SO BE A BLACK MAN? A HANDSOME BLACK MAN TO A PRETTY ass woman. I'm 57 years old. Why would you do that? >> Give me a chance to unlock your phone. Are you trying? >> I'M TRYING NOT TO LIKE IT. I CAN'T. DIDN'T I JUST tell you this is too? >> It's the only hand. Can you come over? >> The left one is too. >> He talking about calling DCF. I got somebody to come get my dang on kids. >> They're your kids. Correct, ma'am. >> I got custom. >> Okay. >> They're my nieces. >> So King just got off the bus, so he's over there hanging out with his friends. And then we and I just spoke to your your daughter and she's she's okay. She's calm. Okay. >> Me to jail and I need my cars to be moved but they couldn't take my tag off my car and the chair is up here and this man told I call him DCL. Please get teacher somebody to come up here and get my babies and I call somebody to move my car. All right. >> How far out is she? >> She's on American. >> Okay. So she's >> my other need to stay down the street. >> Okay. Who else do we need to call? Um, I got one person involved. >> Okay. >> He's going to be [ __ ] pissed. >> Okay. But do you want >> I want my car here to take all of that. Call my car. >> Do you want was it Tasha who you called? Do you want Tasha to take >> That's their mom. That's their mom. >> That's their mom. Okay. Okay. So Tasha's going to come pick up the kids. King and your daughter. >> Tasha. Uh, I'm going to jail. >> Remember I just went and got my license. >> Yeah. He pulled behind me and tell me my license is inbound and I'm going to show in a paper. He just wanted he trying to put put handcuff on me with my car parked up and he took the tag off my car and it can't be parked up here. It got to be moved and I'm my keys. I want Booster to get my keys so I can get some so I can get somebody to pull the car. >> Where are you going? >> At the Family Dollar waiting pulling in to get King. Can you leave my keys? Somebody gonna tow my car. >> I Somebody tow MY CAR. WHY YOU TRYING TO GET EXTRA money on me? >> I Okay, MY CAR NOT GOING TO SIT. I HAVE TO MOVE MY CAR. THEY can move my car. >> I don't want y'all TO TOW IT. Y'ALL trying to get extra money. YOU JUST BEEN A NASTY. >> You're a nasty ricky ass boy. >> All right. Um, do we need to call anybody else? >> I just want my truck to be parked at my house. >> I'm going to call my >> under fourth. At the time of this analysis, the outcome of criminal charges or civil proceedings in all three incidents remains unknown. No court records or case numbers were identified. Based on the footage and applicable law, the passenger in incident one faces a legally supportable obstruction charge. The driver in incident one likely avoided DUI charges based on the officer's field assessment. In incident two, the theft of services arrest appears well supported by probable cause. In incident three, the suspended license charge is documented. Obstruction charges for both the driver and passenger are legally viable, and an open container charge is possible based on the alcohol discovered in the center console. The officer in incident one receives an A minus. His legal analysis on the scene was accurate. His deescalation with the driver was professional and effective, and his decision to arrest the passenger was constitutionally justified. He communicated consequences before escalating to physical control. Textbook use of force procedure. His decision not to arrest the driver after confirming she was likely under the legal limit demonstrates sound judgment. A minor deduction is warranted. An earlier, clearer explanation of the specific legal basis for the stay- in vehicle command, citing Marilyn versus Wilson in plain language may have prevented the escalation entirely. The driver in incident one receives a B minus. She cooperated with field sobriety testing. She was not arrested and she made reasonable efforts to explain her situation. Her initial denial of any speed above 55, followed immediately by a concession to maybe 80 demonstrated a lack of strategic awareness that concession was both unnecessary and self-inccriminating. A smarter approach would have been to decline questions about speed and request an attorney. She receives partial credit for not escalating the passenger's behavior and for complying throughout the sobriety test. The passenger in incident one receives an F. His incorrect legal assumptions transformed a situation in which he had zero legal exposure into a custodial arrest. He was never the subject of the investigation. He was never suspected of DUI. He was not charged with any offense prior to his decision to exit that vehicle. Every consequence he experienced was directly caused by his choice to physically defy a constitutionally authorized command. The eventual calm he displayed during handcuffing is the lone positive note insufficient to raise a grade that reflects one of the most avoidable arrests in this compilation. The officer in incident 2 receives a B. He demonstrated sound constitutional policing throughout a prolonged and emotionally charged encounter, offering civil resolution multiple times, maintaining composure under sustained verbal pressure and deferring appropriately to a sergeant for the final arrest decision. Minor deductions are warranted for occasionally engaging the specifics of the billing dispute rather than redirecting firmly to the available legal options. That engagement extended the encounter and may have reinforced the suspect's belief that her position had legal merit at the scene. The suspect in incident 2 receives a C. Her frustration may carry legal validity in civil court. Small claims court is precisely the venue designed for billing disputes. However, her decisions on the scene were fundamentally flawed. She departed the restaurant without pain. the single action that elevated her dispute from civil to criminal. She then rejected every opportunity officers offered to resolve the matter through payment. Her largely nonviolent conduct during the arrest and genuine concern for her children are noted. A potentially valid civil grievance pursued through every avenue except the one that would have actually protected her freedom. The officers in incident 3 receive a B+. They correctly applied Pennsylvania versus MIMS, Maryland versus Wilson, and the Terry stop framework. They maintained a lawful use of force continuum throughout both physical extractions and provided extensive verbal warnings before initiating hands-on contact. A minor deduction reflects extended argumentation that preceded both extractions officers engaged the subject's legal arguments in detail when the legal resolution was already clear. State the basis once clearly, then in force. The driver in incident 3 receives an F. She drove on a suspended license, physically resisted officers, refused to surrender her vehicle keys, and escalated an encounter involving minor children to the point of arrest. Her claim that courthouse paperwork supersedes a real-time state database reflects a legally incorrect understanding of how law enforcement must operate at the scene. Her eventual cooperation came only after the arrest had already been affected. A series of compounding decisions, each independently avoidable, produced the worst possible outcome. The passenger in incident 3 receives an F. Her physical refusal to comply with a lawful exit command combined with active interference in the driver's interaction with officers provides textbook justification for an obstruction arrest. [snorts] Like the passenger in incident one, she was never the primary subject of the investigation. Her arrest was entirely self-generated by the decision to turn verbal disagreement into physical non-compliance. Lesson one. Passengers are seized under Marilyn versus Wilson. Every occupant of a stopped vehicle is subject to the officer's lawful commands, not just the driver. Lesson two, walking out is not a civil remedy. Under Gerstein versus Pew, departing a business without paying the demanded amount creates criminal exposure, regardless of whether the bill is accurate. The civil remedy is small claims court. Lesson three, paper documentation does not override a live database. Under Arizona versus Evans, officers rely on realtime system data. A courthouse visit not yet reflected in the database does not negate probable cause. Lesson four, verbal rights and physical compliance are separate. Courts from the Supreme Court through every circuit have held that the right to verbally criticize police does not create a right to physically defy lawful commands. Disagreement belongs in court. Lesson five. Obstruction arrests are independent. In every incident presented here, the obstruction charges arose from conduct unrelated to the original stop. Refusing to exit, refusing to stay inside, refusing to surrender keys. Each of those refusals, standing alone, was sufficient grounds for arrest. Let us know if there is an interaction or legal topic you would like us to discuss in the comments below. We read all of them. If there is a body cam interaction or legal question you want covered, let us